NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3: Atmosphere and Climate – Free PDF Download

Chapter 3 of the new NCERT Class 9 Social Science textbook is Atmosphere and Climate, part of the Geography section. It explains the layers of the atmosphere and the factors that determine climate.

Last Updated: September 23, 2026

Layers of the Atmosphere

Q: Name the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface, where weather occurs.
A: The troposphere.

Weather vs Climate

Q: What is the difference between weather and climate?
A: Weather refers to the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere in a place (temperature, rainfall, etc. on a given day), while climate refers to the average weather pattern of a place over a long period, typically 30 years or more.

Factors Affecting Climate

Q: Name a few factors that influence the climate of a place.
A: Latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and wind and ocean currents are among the major factors that influence a region’s climate.

Greenhouse Gases

Q: Name the gas responsible for the greenhouse effect that is most discussed in relation to climate change.
A: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), released mainly by burning fossil fuels, though methane and other gases also contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do places near the sea often have milder climates than places far inland?
Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land, so coastal areas tend to have less extreme temperature variation than areas located deep inland.

What is the main gas that makes up most of the Earth’s atmosphere?
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, with oxygen at about 21%, and other gases in smaller amounts.

Written by Satish

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