NCERT Solutions for Class 4 Maths Chapter 9: Equal Groups – Free PDF Download

Chapter 9 of the Class 4 Maths textbook Math Mela is Equal Groups. It introduces multiplication as repeated addition, built from arranging objects into equal-sized groups.

Multiplication as Equal Groups

Q: If there are 4 groups of 3 apples each, how many apples are there in total, and how is this written as a multiplication fact?
A: 4 groups of 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 apples, written as 4 × 3 = 12.

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Q: Why is multiplication described as “repeated addition”?
A: Because multiplying a number by, say, 5 is the same as adding that number to itself 5 times — multiplication is a faster way of writing repeated addition of equal groups.

Arrays

Q: If chairs are arranged in 5 rows with 6 chairs in each row, how many chairs are there in total?
A: 5 × 6 = 30 chairs. This row-and-column arrangement is called an array, and multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns gives the total.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 4 × 3 mean in terms of equal groups?
4 groups of 3 items each (or equivalently, 3 groups of 4 items each), totalling 12.

What is an array in multiplication?
Objects arranged in equal rows and columns, where the total is found by multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns.

Written by Satish

NCERTBooks.org is an independent educational resource run by a small team focused on making official NCERT textbooks easy to find, read, and download for students, parents, and teachers across India. We are not affiliated with NCERT or the Ministry of Education -- we organise publicly available NCERT content by class and subject, verify links against official sources, and build tools (like our in-browser reader) that make studying more convenient. Every guide we publish is written and reviewed by our team based on the actual NCERT curriculum and syllabus.