Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants – Revision Notes

Internally, plants are organized into meristematic and permanent tissues, and this chapter uses that framework to contrast monocot and dicot stems and roots.

Last Updated: September 23, 2026

Tissue Types

• Meristematic (dividing) vs permanent (differentiated).
• Simple: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
• Complex: xylem (water), phloem (food).

Tissue Systems

• Epidermal, ground, vascular tissue systems.

Monocot vs Dicot

• Dicot stem: ring arrangement, open bundles (cambium present), secondary growth possible.
• Monocot stem: scattered bundles, closed (no cambium), no secondary growth.
• Dicot root: few xylem arms (2-6); Monocot root: polyarch, large pith.

One-Line Summary

Plant anatomy examines internal tissue organization — meristematic and permanent tissues, tissue systems, and the structural differences between monocot and dicot stems/roots, including the basis for secondary growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between simple and complex tissues in plant anatomy?
Simple tissues, such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, are made up of only one type of cell, while complex tissues, such as xylem and phloem, are made up of more than one type of cell working together.

What is the main function of the vascular bundle in a plant stem?
The vascular bundle contains xylem, which transports water and minerals upward from the roots, and phloem, which transports food made during photosynthesis to different parts of the plant.

Written by Satish

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