Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants – Revision Notes

Quick revision notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 (Photosynthesis in Higher Plants). These Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 notes are ideal for quick revision just before exams.

Overview and Pigments

• 6CO₂+12H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂+6H₂O (light).
• Chlorophyll a (primary), chlorophyll b, carotenoids (accessory).

Light Reaction

• Thylakoid membrane; PSII (680nm, photolysis) + PSI (700nm); produces ATP+NADPH.

Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

• Stroma; Carboxylation (RuBisCO) → Reduction → Regeneration.

C4 Pathway

• PEP carboxylase in mesophyll; Kranz anatomy; minimizes photorespiration.

One-Line Summary

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy via light reactions (ATP/NADPH production) and dark reactions (Calvin cycle, CO₂ fixation), with C4 plants using an additional CO₂-concentrating mechanism to minimize photorespiration.

Written by Satish

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