Class 11 Biology Formulas Handbook (All Chapters)

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This handbook collects the essential facts, classifications, and key points from every chapter of the Class 11 Biology NCERT syllabus (2026-27, NCF-SE rationalised edition, 19 chapters) in one place. This handbook is a living document — more chapters will be appended here as they are published, so bookmark this page and check back as you progress through the syllabus. This Class 11 Biology formulas handbook is a handy quick-revision tool alongside the chapter-wise notes and important questions.

Chapter 1: The Living World

  • Taxonomic hierarchy: Kingdom>Phylum/Division>Class>Order>Family>Genus>Species.
  • Binomial nomenclature (Linnaeus).

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Chapter 2: Biological Classification

  • 5 Kingdoms (Whittaker): Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

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Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

  • Algae→Bryophytes→Pteridophytes→Gymnosperms→Angiosperms.

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Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

  • Coelom types: acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate.
  • Chordata: notochord, dorsal nerve cord, gill slits.

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Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

  • Flower whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium.

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Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

  • Tissues: meristematic vs permanent; xylem/phloem.
  • Dicot (ring, cambium) vs monocot (scattered) stems.

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Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

  • 4 tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, neural.

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Chapter 8: Cell – The Unit of Life

  • Cell theory (Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow).
  • Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic; key organelles.

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Chapter 9: Biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates, proteins (peptide bonds), lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes.

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Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

  • Interphase (G1,S,G2) + M phase.
  • Mitosis (2 identical) vs Meiosis (4 variable haploid).

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Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

  • Light reaction (thylakoid, ATP+NADPH) + Calvin cycle (stroma, RuBisCO).
  • C4 pathway: PEP carboxylase, Kranz anatomy.

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Chapter 12: Respiration in Plants

  • Glycolysis (cytoplasm) → Krebs cycle + ETS (aerobic, ~36-38 ATP) or fermentation (anaerobic, 2 ATP).

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Chapter 13: Plant Growth and Development

  • Sigmoid growth curve; 5 hormones: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.

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Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

  • Alveoli: gas exchange site.
  • O₂ via haemoglobin; CO₂ mostly as bicarbonate.

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Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation

  • Blood: plasma + RBC/WBC/platelets. ABO/Rh groups.
  • Heart: 4-chambered, SA node pacemaker.

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Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination

  • Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism.
  • Nephron: filtration → reabsorption → secretion.

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Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement

  • Sliding filament theory: actin/myosin, Ca²⁺, ATP.
  • 206 bones: axial (80) + appendicular (126).

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Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination

  • Resting potential, depolarization/repolarization, synapse.
  • Reflex arc: receptor→sensory→spinal cord→motor→effector.

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Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration

  • Endocrine glands: pituitary (master), thyroid, adrenal, pancreas.
  • Peptide (surface receptor) vs steroid (nuclear receptor) hormones.

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Written by Satish

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