A fast, one-glance recap of Class 10 Science Chapter 6 (Control and Coordination) — for full explanations, see the Solutions.
Revision Notes: Control and Coordination
- Control & coordination systems in animals: nervous system (fast, electrical) + endocrine/hormonal system (slower, chemical, via blood)
- Receptors: detect stimuli — eye (light), ear (sound), nose (smell), tongue (taste), skin (touch/heat/pain)
- Neuron structure: dendrite (receives) → cell body → axon (transmits) → synapse (chemical gap to next neuron/effector)
- Reflex arc: receptor → sensory neuron → relay neuron (spinal cord) → motor neuron → effector — bypasses the brain for speed
- Brain parts: cerebrum (forebrain — thinking, memory, voluntary actions), cerebellum (hindbrain — balance & precision), medulla (hindbrain — involuntary actions: heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure)
- CNS = brain + spinal cord; PNS = nerves connecting CNS to the rest of the body
- Voluntary vs involuntary vs reflex: voluntary = conscious control; involuntary = automatic/continuous (medulla); reflex = rapid, involuntary, one-off stimulus-response via spinal cord
- Plant movements — tropisms (directional, growth-based, hormone-driven): phototropism (light), geotropism (gravity), hydrotropism (water), chemotropism (chemicals)
- Plant movements — nastic movements (non-directional, not growth-based): e.g. touch-me-not leaf-folding, driven by rapid turgor-pressure change
- Plant hormones: auxin (growth/phototropism), gibberellin (stem growth), cytokinin (cell division), abscisic acid (growth inhibitor/stress), ethylene (fruit ripening)
- Key animal hormones: growth hormone (pituitary), thyroxin (thyroid, metabolism), insulin (pancreas, blood sugar), adrenaline (adrenal, fight-or-flight), testosterone/oestrogen (testis/ovary)
- Feedback mechanism: hormone levels are self-regulated by feedback (e.g. rising blood sugar triggers more insulin release)
- This chapter was Chapter 7 in the pre-rationalisation edition; it is Chapter 6 in the current 2026-27 NCERT textbook
See also: Extra Questions (HOTS) | Formulas Handbook
