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Free, original, step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics, matching the current 2026-27 CBSE syllabus.
Each chapter below is solved question by question, in the order it appears in the textbook, so you can follow along page by page instead of jumping between sites. Click a chapter's Solutions link for the full worked answers, Extra Questions for additional practice beyond the textbook, and Revision Notes for a quick summary before a test.
📚 Formulas Handbook (all chapters)
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields – Free PDF Download
Chapter 1 — Electric Charges and Fields — covers Coulomb's law, the principle of superposition, electric field and field lines, electric dipoles, continuous charge distributions, electric flux, and Gauss's law. Note: the printed NCERT textbook has 34 numbered exercise questions, but the current CBSE 2023-24 rational...
Solutions | Extra Questions | Revision Notes
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance – Free PDF Download
Electrostatic potential describes the work needed to bring a charge from infinity to a point in a field, and capacitors store that energy. Chapter 2's exercises on potential, capacitance, and dielectrics are solved in full below. 2.1 Two charges 5×10⁻⁸ C and −3×10⁻⁸ C are located 16 cm apart. At what point(s) on the...
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Chapter 3: Current Electricity – Free PDF Download
The current electricity chapter connects Ohm's law, resistivity, and circuit analysis using Kirchhoff's rules. The exercise solutions below work through numerical problems on resistance, EMF, and the Wheatstone bridge. Before applying Kirchhoff's laws, assign a consistent current direction and loop-traversal directi...
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Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism – Free PDF Download
A moving charge creates its own magnetic field — that's the core idea behind Chapter 4. These solutions work through the exercise questions on the Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, and forces on current-carrying conductors. Before applying a formula, identify the geometry (straight wire, loop, or solenoid), s...
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Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter – Free PDF Download
Bar magnets, the Earth's magnetic field, and the magnetic properties of materials are the focus of Chapter 5. These worked solutions cover the exercise questions on magnetic dipole moment, declination, and classifying materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic. 5.1 A short bar magnet placed with its ax...
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Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction – Free PDF Download
Chapter 6 introduces electromagnetic induction -- how a changing magnetic flux generates an emf, governed by Faraday's and Lenz's laws. These worked solutions cover the exercise questions on motional emf, AC generators, and self- and mutual inductance. 6.1 Predict the direction of induced current in the situations d...
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Chapter 7: Alternating Current – Free PDF Download
Chapter 7 moves from steady currents to alternating current (AC) circuits -- how resistors, inductors, and capacitors respond to a sinusoidally varying voltage, and how resonance in an LCR circuit and transformers underpin power transmission. These worked solutions cover rms values, reactance, resonance, and the Q-f...
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Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves – Free PDF Download
Chapter 8 introduces electromagnetic waves -- how Maxwell's addition of displacement current to Ampere's law leads to self-sustaining, mutually perpendicular oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields that travel through vacuum at the speed of light. These worked solutions cover displacement current, wave prop...
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Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments – Free PDF Download
Chapter 9 covers ray (geometric) optics -- reflection at spherical mirrors, refraction at plane and curved surfaces, prisms, thin lenses, and the optical instruments (microscopes and telescopes) built from them. With 31 exercise questions, this is the longest chapter in the syllabus; these solutions work through eve...
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Chapter 10: Wave Optics – Free PDF Download
Chapter 10 covers wave optics — Huygens' principle, wavefronts, reflection and refraction using the wave picture of light, the phenomenon of interference, and Young's double-slit experiment. This chapter's syllabus is shorter than most, with 6 exercise questions; each answer below is numerically verified before publ...
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Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter – Free PDF Download
Chapter 11 covers the dual nature of radiation and matter — electron emission, the photoelectric effect and Einstein's photoelectric equation, photon energy and momentum, and the de Broglie wavelength of matter waves. As with the previous chapter, the "Additional Exercises" section from older editions has been remov...
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Chapter 12: Atoms – Free PDF Download
Chapter 12 covers atomic structure — Thomson's and Rutherford's atomic models, the alpha-particle scattering experiment, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, atomic energy levels, and the origin of spectral lines. As with the previous chapter, the "Additional Exercises" section from older editions has been removed und...
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Chapter 13: Nuclei – Free PDF Download
Chapter 13 covers nuclear physics — nuclear size and density, mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and radioactivity. This chapter has no separate "Additional Exercises" section even in older editions, and all 10 main exercises remain current under the 2026-27 syllabus; each numeric answe...
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Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics – Free PDF Download
Chapter 14 covers semiconductor electronics — energy bands in solids, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction formation, and half-wave and full-wave rectification. Several sections from older editions — special-purpose diodes (photodiode, LED, solar cell), the Zener diode as a voltage regulator, the tra...
Solutions | Extra Questions | Revision Notes
| Chapter | NCERT Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions (HOTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ch 1: Electric Charges and Fields – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 3: Current Electricity – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 5: Magnetism and Matter – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 6: Electromagnetic Induction – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 7: Alternating Current – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 8: Electromagnetic Waves – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 10: Wave Optics – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 12: Atoms – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 13: Nuclei – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
| Ch 14: Semiconductor Electronics – Free PDF Download | Solutions | Revision Notes | Extra Questions |
Also see the Class 12 NCERT Books catalog for the official textbook PDF.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are these Class 12 Physics solutions updated for the 2026-27 syllabus?
Yes, every chapter listed above is checked against the current NCERT Physics textbook for the 2026-27 CBSE session.
Do you also have Extra Questions and Revision Notes for Class 12 Physics?
Yes — wherever published, Extra Questions and/or Revision Notes are linked next to the matching chapter above.
Are these Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions available in Hindi medium?
Hindi-medium solutions for Class 12 Physics are being added progressively. In the meantime, this English-medium solution can be used alongside your Hindi-medium NCERT textbook, since the questions and chapter numbering are identical.