Chapter 5 is built around one idea — how numbers relate to each other through factors and multiples — and this recap covers primes, composites, and co-primes at a glance.
Last Updated: September 23, 2026
Key Terms
- Factor: a number that divides another number exactly.
- Multiple: the result of multiplying a number by a whole number.
- Prime number: exactly two factors (1 and itself). 2 is the only even prime.
- Composite number: more than two factors.
- 1 is neither prime nor composite (only one factor).
- Co-prime numbers: only common factor is 1 (need not be prime themselves, e.g. 8 & 9).
- Twin primes: two primes differing by exactly 2 (e.g. 11, 13).
Key Lists
- Primes up to 100: 25 total, from 2 to 97.
- Twin prime pairs up to 100: (3,5), (5,7), (11,13), (17,19), (29,31), (41,43), (59,61), (71,73).
- Smallest number with 3 distinct prime factors = 30 (2×3×5); with 4 = 210 (2×3×5×7).
Divisibility Rules (this chapter covers 2, 4, 5, 8, 10 only)
| Divisor | Rule |
|---|---|
| 2 | Last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 |
| 4 | Last 2 digits divisible by 4 |
| 5 | Last digit is 0 or 5 |
| 8 | Last 3 digits divisible by 8 |
| 10 | Last digit is 0 |
Note: rules for 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 are covered in later classes, not this chapter.
Prime Factorisation
- Every composite number has a unique prime factorisation (found via a factor tree).
- Two numbers are co-prime exactly when they share no common prime factors.
- If two numbers are co-prime, their product equals their LCM (common multiple relationship).
Quick revision: Solutions | Extra Questions for this chapter.
- Chapter 1: Patterns in Mathematics
- Chapter 2: Lines and Angles Revision Notes
- Chapter 3: Number Play Revision Notes
- Chapter 4: Data Handling and Presentation Revision Notes
- Chapter 6: Perimeter and Area Revision Notes
- Chapter 7: Fractions Revision Notes
- Chapter 8: Playing with Constructions Revision Notes
- Chapter 9: Symmetry – Revision Notes
- Chapter 10: The Other Side of Zero – Revision Notes
Frequently Asked Questions
How can you determine whether a given number is a prime number?
A number is prime if it has exactly two factors, 1 and itself, checked by testing whether any number other than 1 and itself divides it evenly.
What is a prime factorisation, and why is it useful?
Prime factorisation is expressing a number as a product of only its prime factors, useful for finding the Highest Common Factor and Lowest Common Multiple, as well as simplifying fractions.
Chapter Quiz — Test Your Understanding
Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 5 – Solutions and Important Questions
Need full answers or more practice? See the Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 5 Solutions and Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 5 Extra Questions.
Recommended: Buy the Printed NCERT Class 6 Maths Book
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